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- NMS (Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome) -


General Information:

Names:
Wikipedia entry:
Dr. Ray Shahelien entry: 

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Observations:

NMS (Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome)

See also Haldol

Here is a paper about NMS from the August '07 issue of Current Psychiatry.  It also includes case reports of NMS caused by atypical antipsychotics. Here are some excerpt from the paper:

...When second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) were introduced, clinicians hoped the drugs would not have the potential to cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)...

SGAs are also called "atypical antipsychotics." These include Seroquel, Clozaril, Risperdal, Zyprexa, etc.
...NMS is believed to be caused by reduced dopamine activity in the brain  associated with dopamine antagonists, interruptions in nigrostriatal dopamine pathways, or withdrawal of dopaminergic  medications...

NMS can be caused by antipsychotic medication. It is said to be extremely rare, but reports from caretakers of those with Parkinsonian syndromes seem to indicate that some sort of bad reaction is more common:

...NMS develops in an estimated 0.02% to 2.5% of patients treated with antipsychotics...

About the term "neuroleptic".... Most say this term refers to any antipsychotic
medication, not just the older antipsychotics.

First-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) include Haldol and Thorazine. For a
longer list of FGAs and more info on how they work, see WebMD:
http://www.webmd.com/schizophrenia/First-generation-antipsychotics-for-treating-\
schizophrenia


Unfortunately,
...case reports have made it clear that SGAs—like first-generation  antipsychotics (FGAs)—can precipitate this life-threatening neurologic emergency. ... 88 case reports indicate newer antipsychotics may cause atypical presentations (of NMS)...

An atypical presentation is without fever, rigidity, or CPK elevation.

A suggestive feature in the diagnosis of LBD is:
...Severe sensitivity to neuroleptics occurs in up to 50% of LBD patients who take them...

Excerpts from:

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Don’t let your guard down yet
Current Psychiatry, August 2007

Free article:
HTML: http://www.currentpsychiatry.com/article_pages.asp?AID=5258
PDF: http://www.currentpsychiatry.com/pdf/0608/0608CP_Article5.pdf

A longer list of FGAs and more information can be found on WebMD:
http://www.webmd.com/schizophrenia/Second-generation-antipsychotics-for-treating\
-schizophrenia

More information on NMS from NIH/NINDS:
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/neuroleptic_syndrome/neuroleptic_syndrome.htm

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Known sources:

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Natural sources:


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References:




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Updated: July 2, 2012
Inception: July 2, 2012