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"Give with a free hand, but give only your own."
-- J.R.R. Tolkien The Children of Hurin
- Anatabine -
General Information:
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Observations:
Anatabine (RCP006, CIGrX)
See also Neurogenesis, Nicotine, Inflammation,
Antabine: a compound
isolated from nicotiana tabacum (tobacco plant) called anatabine
which reduces "brain inflammation" and the protein amyloid.
Current research has centered around Alzheimer's disease because
the market for this disease is enormous. However,
anatabine may turn out to be beneficial to other ailments.
Re. Anatabine
blocking immune response to bacteria: “The bacterial
membranes in at least the B31, NL303 and N40 strains of B.
burgdorferi do not contain lipopolysaccharide, which is
extremely atypical for Gram negative bacteria; instead, the
membranes contain glycolipids.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease_microbiology
Which means to me that Anatabine COULD block this immune
response???
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Known sources:
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Natural sources:
None known.
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References:
[From “Differentiating Anatabloc from Other
Nutritional Anti-inflammatory Supplements”]
Some natural products act in this way as well. While there is
still controversy over how fish oil, flower oils and some plant
oils act to reduce inflammation, there is good evidence that
these oils contain long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. When these
are included in the diet they are taken up by cell membranes in
the body. If taken regularly, these compounds become part of the
cell membrane and act to change the physical and chemical nature
of the cell membrane and membraneprotein-mediated responses to
inflammation.7
Since the phospholipids of the cell wall are the raw material
used by COX-I and COX-II to make the active pro-inflammatory
compounds, this is another way to wave off the fire department
and make tissues less likely to become inflamed. Omega-3 agents
are widely used and are under study in conditions ranging from
prevention of heart disease to arthritis…
… Anatabloc is not like corticosteroids, in that it has not
blocked “true” (necessary) signals to a real threat (bacterial
polysaccharides) in laboratory testing,8 but has successfully
blocked response to a false signal (amyloid production or
auto-immune thyroid inflammation).8,9…
7. Calder PC, Yaqoob P. Understanding omega-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids. Postgrad Med. 2009 Nov;121(6):148-57.
8. Landek-Salgado MA, Ferlito M, Ladenson PW, et al. Anatabine,
a tobacco alkaloid, ameliorates disease in mouse models of
thyroiditis. 81st Annual Meeting of the American Thyroid
Association, Indian Wells, CA October 26-30, 2011. Poster 8.
9. Paris D, Beaulieu-Abdelahad D, Bachmeier C, et al. Anatabine
lowers Alzheimer’s A production in vitro and in vivo. Eur J
Pharmacol. 2011 Nov 30;670(2-3):384-91.
http://healthyinflammation.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Anatabloc_Difference.pdf
[ Some of the following my be duplicates, but they are the
papers cited above in 7, 8, 9]
Understanding omega-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Calder PC, Yaqoob P.
Postgrad Med. 2009 Nov;121(6):148-57.
Source: Institute of Human Nutrition School of Medicine,
Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
Abstract
Current intakes of very long-chain omega-3 fatty acids,
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are
low in most individuals living in Western countries. A good
natural source of these fatty acids is seafood, especially oily
fish. Fish oil capsules contain these fatty acids also. Very
long-chain omega-3 fatty acids are readily incorporated from
capsules into transport (blood lipids), functional (cell and
tissue), and storage (adipose) pools. This incorporation is
dose-dependent and follows a kinetic pattern that is
characteristic for each pool. At sufficient levels of
incorporation, EPA and DHA influence the physical nature of cell
membranes and membrane protein-mediated responses,
lipid-mediator generation, cell signaling, and gene expression
in many different cell types. Through these mechanisms, EPA and
DHA influence cell and tissue physiology and the way cells and
tissues respond to external signals. In most cases the effects
seen are compatible with improvements in disease biomarker
profiles or health-related outcomes. As a result, very
long-chain omega-3 fatty acids play a role in achieving optimal
health and in protection against disease. Long-chain omega-3
fatty acids not only protect against cardiovascular morbidity
but also against mortality. In some conditions, for example
rheumatoid arthritis, they may be beneficial as therapeutic
agents. On the basis of the recognized health improvements
brought about by long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, recommendations
have been made to increase their intake. The plant omega-3 fatty
acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), can be converted to EPA, but
conversion to DHA appears to be poor in humans. Effects of ALA
on human health-related outcomes appear to be due to conversion
to EPA, and since this is limited, moderately increased
consumption of ALA may be of little benefit in improving health
outcomes compared with increased intake of preformed EPA + DHA.
PMID: 19940425 [PubMed]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940425
Anatabine Ameliorates
Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis.
Caturegli P, De Remigis A, Ferlito M, Landek-Salgado MA, Iwama
S, Tzou SC, Ladenson PW.
Endocrinology. 2012 Jul 17. [Epub ahead of print]
Source: Department of Pathology (P.C., A.D.R., M.A.L.-S., S.I.,
S.-C.T.), and Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism (P.C.,
P.W.L.) and Cardiology (M.F.), Department of Medicine, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Feinstone Department
of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (P.C.), Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
Abstract
Tobacco smoking favorably influences the course of Hashimoto
thyroiditis, possibly through the antiinflammatory proprieties
of nicotine. In this study we tested anatabine, another tobacco
alkaloid, in a model of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis.
Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis was induced by different
doses of thyroglobulin, to produce a disease of low, moderate,
or high severity, in 88 CBA/J female mice: 43 drank anatabine
supplemented water and 45 regular water. Mice were bled after
immunization and killed to assess thyroid histopathology,
thyroglobulin antibodies, T(4), and thyroid RNA expression of 84
inflammatory genes. We also stimulated in vitro a macrophage
cell line with interferon-γ or lipopolysaccharide plus or minus
anatabine to quantitate inducible nitric oxide synthase and
cyclooxygenase 2 protein expression. Anatabine reduced the
incidence and severity of thyroiditis in the moderate disease
category: only 13 of 21 mice (62%) developed thyroid infiltrates
when drinking anatabine as compared with 22 of 23 (96%) controls
(relative risk 0.59, P = 0.0174). The median thyroiditis
severity was 0.5 and 2.0 in anatabine and controls, respectively
(P = 0.0007 by Wilcoxon rank sum test). Anatabine also reduced
the antibody response to thyroglobulin on d 14 (P = 0.029) and d
21 (P = 0.045) after immunization and improved the recovery of
thyroid function on d 21 (P = 0.049). In the thyroid
transcriptome, anatabine restored expression of IL-18 and IL-1
receptor type 2 to preimmunization levels. Finally, anatabine
suppressed in a dose-dependent manner macrophage production of
inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2. Anatabine
ameliorates disease in a model of autoimmune thyroiditis, making
the delineation of its mechanisms of action and potential
clinical utility worthwhile.
PMID: 22807490 [PubMed]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22807490
Anatabine lowers Alzheimer's
Aβ production in vitro and in vivo.
Paris D, Beaulieu-Abdelahad D, Bachmeier C, Reed J, Ait-Ghezala
G, Bishop A, Chao J, Mathura V, Crawford F, Mullan M.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2011 Nov 30;670(2-3):384-91. Epub 2011 Sep 19.
Source: Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL
34243, USA. dparis@rfdn.org
Abstract
Brain Aβ accumulation represents a key pathological hallmark in
Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we investigated the impact
of anatabine, a minor alkaloid present in plants of the
Solanacea family on Aβ production in vitro using a cell line
overexpressing the human amyloid precursor protein (APP) and in
vivo using a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. In
vitro, anatabine lowers Aβ₁₋₄₀ and Aβ₁₋₄₂ levels in a dose
dependent manner and reduces sAPPβ production without impacting
sAPPα levels suggesting that anatabine lowers Aβ production by
mainly impacting the β-cleavage of APP. Additionally, we show
that anatabine lowers NFκB activation at doses that inhibit Aβ
production in vitro. Since NFκB is known to regulate BACE-1
expression (the rate limiting enzyme responsible for Aβ
production), we determined the impact of anatabine on BACE-1
transcription. We show that anatabine inhibits BACE-1
transcription and reduces BACE-1 protein levels in human
neuronal like SHSY-5Y cells suggesting that the Aβ lowering
properties of anatabine are mediated via a regulation of BACE-1
expression. In vivo, we show that an acute treatment with
anatabine for four days significantly lowers brain soluble
Aβ₁₋₄₀ and Aβ₁₋₄₂ levels in a transgenic mouse model of
Alzheimer's disease. Altogether our data suggest that anatabine
may represent an interesting compound for regulating brain Aβ
accumulation.
PMID: 21958873 [PubMed]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21958873
[The tobacco
plant extract anatabine is also thought to be a strong
anti-inflammatory. It has also been shown in
mouse studies to reverse AD. But, mice are not
men. Still… might it be inhibiting the same
processes?]
New Drug Could Treat
Alzheimer's, Multiple Sclerosis and Brain Injury
ScienceDaily (July 24, 2012) — A new class of drug
developed at Northwestern University Feinberg School
of Medicine shows early promise of being a
one-size-fits-all therapy for Alzheimer's disease,
Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and traumatic
brain injury by reducing inflammation in the brain… By
addressing brain inflammation, the new class of drugs
-- represented by MW151 and MW189 -- offers an
entirely different therapeutic approach to Alzheimer's
than current ones being tested… MW151 and MW189 work
by preventing the damaging overproduction of brain
proteins called proinflammatory cytokines…
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/07/120724171302.htm
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-07/nu-ndc072312.php
[No PubMed citation yet]
[See the
following from Roskamp: http://www.mullanalzheimer.com/]
[More on Anatabine (available from GNC)]
http://messages.finance.yahoo.com/Stocks_%28A_to_Z%29/Stocks_S/threadview?m=tm&bn=100813&tid=121922&mid=121922&tof=1&frt=2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmC3Ths-Mt8
http://www.smallcapnetwork.com/Report-from-the-Harvard-Club-Meeting-re-CIGX-Snowballing-progress/s/via/8996/article/view/p/mid/1/id/38/
http://anatabloc.com/learn-about-inflammation/
http://anatabloc.com/blog/
http://healthyinflammation.com/
Anatabine (AnatablocTM) is different, and may
represent a new class of nutritional anti-inflammatory
agents. Laboratory studies have shown that nutritional
supplementation with anatabine acts at the very
earliest stages of inflammatory signaling, reducing
the activation of NF-kB within white blood cells and
reducing the extent of the inflammatory signal.
Reducing the effect of early “sig-naling” mediators
thus prevents the triggering of the inflammatory
sequence, essentially preventing the “fire department”
from ever receiving the “false alarm”. Anatabloc is
not like corticosteroids, in that it has not blocked
“true” (necessary) signals to a real threat (bacterial
polysaccharides) in laboratory testing, but has
successfully blocked response to a false signal
(amyloid production or auto-immune thyroid
inflammation)…
http://healthyinflammation.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Anatabloc_Difference.pdf
[for MS..]
Preliminary results
of the treatment of a mouse model of Multiple
Sclerosis with Anatabine.
http://www.rfdn.org/ms_anatabine.html
Star Scientific's Rock
Creek Subsidiary Enrolls First Alzheimer's Study
Patient at Roskamp Institute
Press Release: Star Scientific, Inc. – Thu, Aug 23,
2012 9:35 AM EDT.
GLEN ALLEN, Va., Aug. 23, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --
Star Scientific, Inc. (STSI), through its wholly owned
subsidiary Rock Creek Pharmaceuticals Inc., announced
today that the Alzheimer's study of the company's
dietary supplement Anatabloc® has screened and
enrolled its first patient.
...Dr. Michael Mullan, M.D., Ph.D., President and CEO
of the Roskamp Institute, commented: "We have known
for a long time that Alzheimer's disease has a large
inflammatory component. We also have observed the
anti-inflammatory effects of anatabine (the active
ingredient of Anatabloc®) in laboratory tests which is
why we anticipate evidence of anti-inflammatory
effects in this population."...
http://finance.yahoo.com/news/star-scientifics-rock-creek-subsidiary-133500675.html
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Home Preface Brain Failure Notes References
pg. 1 References pg. 2
Nutritional Alternatives
Patricia's Protocol
Tauopathy
Discussion
Forum
Correspondence Newsletters Poems Memory Enhancement
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Updated: July 2, 2012
Inception: July 2, 2012